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Pylyp Stepanovych Orlyk (Ukrainian: Пилип Степанович Орлик, Polish: Filip Orlik) (born on October 11, 1672 in Kosuta, Ashmyany county, Grand Duchy of Lithuania (today in Vileyka Raion, Belarus), died on May 26, 1742 in Jassy, Principality of Moldavia (today Iaşi, Romania) was a Zaporozhian Cossack starshyna, Hetman in exile, diplomat, secretary and close associate of Hetman Ivan Mazepa.
Pylyp Orlyk was born in the village of Kosuta, Ashmyany county, Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Vileyka district of modern day Belarus), in a family of Czech origin.[1]
Orlyk first studied at the Jesuit college in Vilnius and until 1694 at Kyiv Mohyla Academy. In 1698 he was appointed secretary of the consistory of Kiev metropolia. In 1699 he became a senior member of Hetman Ivan Mazepa's General Military Chancellery and 1706 was appointed general chancellor and at that position he was Mazepa's closest aide, facilitated Mazepa's secret correspondence with the Poles and Swedes, and assisted Mazepa in his efforts to form an anti-Russian coalition.[2]
After the Battle of Poltava in 1709, he escaped together with Hetman Ivan Mazepa and king Charles XII of Sweden to Bender in the Principality of Moldavia, where Mazepa soon died. Pylyp Orlyk was then chosen as a Hetman in exile by the cossacks and the Swedish king Charles XII. While in Bender Orlyk wrote one of the first state constitutions in Europe. This Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk was confirmed by Charles XII and it also names him as the protector of Ukraine.
Between 1711 and 1714, together with Russian Empire. From there he went on to Thessaloniki and from the mid-1730s he is known to have lived in Budjak. He died 1742 in Jassy, Principality of Moldavia (today Iaşi, Romania).[3]
Orlyk wrote numerous proclamations and essays about Ukraine including the 1710 Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk.[4]
In his history of Salonica Mark Mazower says
Pylyp Orlyk married Hanna Hertsyk in the mid-1690s. She was of Jewish descent, a daughter of the colonel Pavlo Semenovych Hertsyk (a close ally of Mazepa) of the Poltava regiment. Pylyp and Hanna had eight children. They were:[6][7]
Cossack Hetmanate, Russian Orthodox Church, Franz Liszt, Bila Tserkva, Battle of Poltava
Swedish language, European Union, Finland, Denmark, Lithuania
Belarus, Lithuania, Russian Empire, Lithuanian language, Polish language
Turkey, Byzantine Empire, World War I, Turkish language, Sultanate of Rum
Ukraine, Poland, Cossacks, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Cossack Hetmanate
Sweden, Ukraine, Ukrainian language, Stockholm, Kiev
Ukraine, Hetman, Ukrainian language, Moldova, Ottoman Empire
Human rights, United Kingdom, England, Law, Magna Carta
Kiev, Russia, Sevastopol, Ukrainian language, Ukrainians
Ukraine, Taras Shevchenko, Vladimir Lenin, Canada, Stepan Bandera