Possible Impacts of Major Counter Terrorism Security Actions on Research, Development, And Higher Education

By Knezo, Genevieve J.

Excerpt
Introduction: Science and technology (S&T) are a double-edged sword in the fight against terrorism – whether at home or abroad. S&T can help prevent and attenuate attacks (communications, surveillance and prevention technologies, public health vaccines, and pharmaceuticals), and defend against enemies (by strengthening the arsenal of weapons). But S&T can benefit the terrorist by providing advanced technologies or weapons – nuclear, chemical, biological, and cyber – and by giving terrorists opportunities to purchase information and products to exploit the vulnerabilities of complex technological systems on which advanced economies depend. “In the next several years,” according to John C. Gannon, former chairman of the National Intelligence Council and a former deputy director for intelligence at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)...

Table of Contents
Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Relevant Laws Enacted Before September 11, 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Introduction to Current Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Impacts of Counter Terrorism Activities on Students at U.S. Universities and Colleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Definition of the Policy Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Numbers of Foreign Students Who Study Science, Engineering, and Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Introduction to Issues Relating to the Impacts of Counter Terrorism on Foreign Students in Science and Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 The “Technology Alert List” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Foreign Student Visas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Actions Taken to Increase Student Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Pending Legislation: Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Other Security-related Actions Relating to Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Access to Student Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Access to Business Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Internet Service Provider Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Implementation Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15