Toxicological Review of Trivalent Chromium

By Grevatt, Peter C., Ph. D.

Description
Excerpt: This document and summary information on IRIS have received peer review both by EPA scientists and by independent scientists external to EPA. Subsequent to external review and incorporation of comments, this assessment has undergone an Agencywide review process whereby the IRIS Program Manager has achieved a consensus approval among the Office of Research and Development; Office of Air and Radiation; Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances; Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response; Office of Water; Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation; and the Regional Offices.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS—TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW FOR TRIVALENT CHROMIUM (CAS No. 16065-83-1) FOREWORD ................................................................v AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS ................................ vi LISTOFABBREVIATIONS .................................................. vii 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................1 2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION RELEVANT TO ASSESSMENTS .....2 3. TOXICOKINETICS RELEVANT TO ASSESSMENTS ............................3 3.1. ABSORPTION FACTORS IN HUMANS AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS . . 3 3.1.1. Oral .......................................................3 3.1.2. Inhalation ..................................................4 3.1.3. Distribution .................................................5 3.1.4. Metabolism .................................................7 3.1.5. The Essentiality of Chromium ..................................7 4. HAZARDIDENTIFICATION .................................................8 4.1. STUDIES IN HUMANS ..............................................8 4.1.1. Oral .......................................................8 4.1.2. Inhalation ..................................................8 4.2. PRECHRONIC AND CHRONIC STUDIES AND CANCER BIOASSAYS IN ANIMALS—ORAL AND INHALATION .............................12 4.2.1. Chronic Oral Studies.........................................12 4.2.2. Subchronic Oral Studies ......................................13 4.2.3. Chronic Inhalation Studies ....................................14 4.2.4. Subchronic Inhalation Studies .................................15 4.3. REPRODUCTIVE/DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES—ORAL AND INHALATION ............................................................... 17 4.3.1. Oral Studies......................................................17 4.3.2. Inhalation Studies ...........................................18 4.4. OTHER STUDIES................................................19 4.4.1. Contact Dermatitis ..........................................19 4.4.2. Toxicant Interactions.........................................19 4.4.3. Genotoxicity ...............................................19 4.5. SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF MAJOR NONCANCER EFFECTS AND MODE OF ACTION (IF KNOWN)—ORAL AND INHALATION ......... 20 4.5.1. Oral Studies................................................20 4.5.1.1. Human Studies ...................................... 20 4.5.1.2. Animal Studies ...................................... 20

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Title:

Toxicological Review of Trivalent Chromium

Author:

Grevatt, Peter C., Ph. D.

Volume:

Language:

English

Subject:

Ecology, Natural resource issues, Environemtal protection

Collection:

Environmental Awareness Library Collection

Subcollection:

Historic
Publication Date:

Publisher:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

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